a. ĐK \(x\ge0\)và \(x\ne1\)

A =\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)

\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}:\frac{\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+x-\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}-x-1+\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{x+1}{4\sqrt{x}}\)

b. Thay \(x=\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}+1}{4\sqrt{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}}=\frac{4-\sqrt{3}}{4\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}=\frac{4-\sqrt{3}}{4-4\sqrt{3}}=-\frac{1+3\sqrt{3}}{8}\)

c . Ta có \(A-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{x+1}{4\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}>0\)với \(\forall x>0\)và \(x\ne1\)

Vậy A >1/2

\(Q=\frac{\sqrt{x-\sqrt{4\left(x-1\right)}}+\sqrt{x+\sqrt{4\left(x-1\right)}}}{\sqrt{x^2-4\left(x-1\right)}}.\left(1-\frac{1}{x-1}\right)\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}}.\frac{x}{x-1}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}}.\frac{x}{x-1}\)

\(=\frac{\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|+\sqrt{x-1}+1}{x-2}.\frac{x}{x-1}\)

Nếu  \(x\ge2\) thì 

\(Q=\frac{\sqrt{x-1}-1+\sqrt{x-1}+1}{x-2}.\frac{x}{x-1}=\frac{2x\sqrt{x-1}}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\frac{2x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)}\)

Nếu \(x< 2\) thì \(Q=\frac{1-\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}+1}{x-2}.\frac{x}{x-1}=\frac{2x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)

Cảm ơn bạn nhiều nhưng mình thấy \(1-\frac{1}{x-1}=\frac{x-2}{x-1}\)  mà bạn sao lại bằng \(\frac{x}{x-1}\)được 

1.

\(A=\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{22}.\sqrt{4}}{\sqrt{22}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+2-\sqrt{2}=2-\sqrt{2}\)

2.

a. \(P=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right].\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)

\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\sqrt{x}+1\)

b. \(P=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(\text{KTM ĐKXĐ}\right)\)

\(\text{Vậy không tồn tại giá trị }x\text{ thỏa mãn }P=2\)

\(=\left(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{x\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{x^2-x\sqrt{x}}{x-1}-\frac{x\sqrt{x}+2x+\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{x^2-2x\sqrt{x}-2x-\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\right)=\frac{x^2-\sqrt{x}-2x\sqrt{x}-2x}{2\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x\sqrt{x}-1-2x-2\sqrt{x}}{2}\)

\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\)

\(=\frac{x-1}{2\sqrt{x}}.\frac{x\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-1}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-x\sqrt{x}-\left(x\sqrt{x}+x+x+\sqrt{x}\right)}{2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-x\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{x}-2x-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{x^2-2x\sqrt{x}-2x-\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\); x khác 2; 3

Ta có: 

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}{x-\left(x-1\right)}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{x-1-2}=\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{2}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}}-\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}-\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{2}\right)=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}\)

\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2x}-x}=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)

=> \(P=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}\right).\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}=\frac{2-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\)